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Chủ Nhật, 29 tháng 6, 2014
Number theory 5: Given 2n+2 points in the plane......
Given 2n+2 points in the plane, no three collinear,prove that two of them deter-mine a line that separates n of the points from the other n
Solution
Imagine the points lying on the map,and choose the westmost point, say P_1, as one of the two that will determine the line (there are at most two westmost point,choose any of them).
Place a Cartesian system of coordinates with the origin at P_1,the x-axis in the direction west-esat, and the y-axis in the direction west-east, and the y-axis in the direction south-north. Order the rest of the points in an increasing sequence P_2,P_3,...P_{2n+2} with respect to the oriented angles that P_1P_{i} from with the x-axis.
This is possible because no three points are collinear and the angles are between -90^{o} and 90^{o}.
If we choose P_1P_{n+2} to be the line, then P_2,P_3,...P_{n+1} lie inside the angle formed by P_1P_{n+2} and the negative half of the y-axis, and P_{n+3},P_{n+4},...P_{2n+2} lie inside the angle formed by P_1P_{n+2} and the positive half of y-axis,so the two sets of point are separated by the line P_1P_{n+2}, which show that P_1 and P_{n+2} have the desired property.
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